International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples
Even though Indigenous Groups have formed across the world, not every country has established a way to recognize their historical relationships with these group.
The United Nations (UN) Working Group on Indigenous Populations (WGIP) first met on August 9, 1982. The purpose of the WIGP’s establishment was to provide indigenous people with the opportunity to share experiences and discuss key issues on an international stage.
On December 23, 1994, resolution 49/214 was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly. The resolution declared August 9 of every year to be International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples.
Each year, non-Indigenous people across the globe are encouraged to protect and promote the rights of their Indigenous counterparts. Additionally, individuals are encouraged to educate themselves and others about the history and culture of Indigenous people.
There are myriad horror stories that can be told about the mistreatment of Indigenous people over the centuries. Let’s delve deeper into the story of the Indigenous people of Canada and the Canadian government.
National Day of Truth and Reconciliation is recognized on September 30th in Canada, learn more here.
Facts and Statistics About Indigenous Communities
In honor of International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples, here are several pertinent facts and statistics about indigenous communities around the world.
Population
There are nearly 500 million Indigenous people living in the world today. They constitute 6.2% of the global population. Their geographic distribution is splayed across 90 countries with 5,000 distinct cultures. (United Nations Development Programme)
Language
There are 7,000 unique languages and approximately 40% of them are endangered. This is particularly true for Indigenous people, as one Indigenous language becomes extinct every 14 days. (United Nations Development Programme)
Education
Nearly half (47%) of all employed Indigenous people do not have a formal education. Unfortunately, this percentage is higher for Indigenous women. (United Nations Development Programme)
Poverty
Indigenous people working in the informal economy (not regulated or protected by the state) are three times more likely to experience extreme poverty. At present more than 86% of Indigenous people participate in the informal economy. (United Nations Development Programme)
Health
Indigenous people are expected to die 20 years earlier than non-indigenous people. Furthermore, Indigenous communities often lack essential healthcare and relevant information. This increases their risk of contracting deadly diseases (e.g., HIV/AIDS). (United Nations Development Programme)
Land
Governments around the world fail to respect the boundaries of the land that Indigenous people legally own. This flagrant disrespect leads to conflict and environmental debasement. Additionally, the economic and social growth of Indigenous communities is undermined. (The World Bank)
5 Ways to Be an Ally to Indigenous People
Listen to the Community
The most important voice is the voice of the Indigenous community. Form genuine relationships with Indigenous people and listen to their feedback. They will let you know what is helpful and what is harmful.
Reassess Outdated Policies and Procedures
For example, take a look at your company’s hiring practices. Are they riddled with unconscious bias toward indigenous people and other people of color? If so, update these procedures to provide all applicants with the opportunity to work for your organization.
Learn Historical and Cultural Context
The burden of education does not fall on Indigenous people. Take the time to find articles, books, videos and courses that accurately explain the history of Indigenous people and respectfully describe their culture. In order to be an ally, you must be familiar with the issue(s) you are fighting for or against.
Avoid the Savior Complex
Rather than attempting to “save” the Indigenous community, stand in solidarity with its members. They do not need a savior, they need an ally. Use your privilege in ways deemed appropriate by the community so as not to overshadow them.
Get Involved
Attend important events, volunteer your time and advocate alongside your indigenous counterparts. Your involvement is extremely valuable. If applicable, offer your company’s services to the indigenous community.
Canada’s Past with Indigenous Peoples
The history behind the Canadian government’s relationship with the Indigenous people of Canada is extensive and complex. The following sections will address the damage caused by the residential school system, and truth and reconciliation efforts.
The Residential School System
The residential school system was introduced in 1883 by the Canadian government. However, the concept of the residential school system originated decades prior. Residential schools were directed by churches (Presbyterian, Anglican, United and Roman Catholic) with the goal of “educating” Indigenous children. In reality, this “education” blatantly erased Indigenous culture as the children were forced to conform to Euro-Canadian and Christian ideologies. Once the children were indoctrinated, it was easier for them to assimilate into Canadian society.
The children and their families did not voluntarily participate in the residential school system. Children were forcibly removed from their homes and placed in residential schools. While in the schools, children were not allowed to acknowledge their culture in any way, shape or form. If they did, they would endure cruel punishments. Former students have spoken about the emotional, psychological, sexual and physical abuse that occurred regularly in residential schools. The last residential school closed in Saskatchewan in 1996.
A massive amount of damage had been done. The children were unfamiliar with their family members, language and cultural traditions. Any skills taught were less than useful for the Indigenous lifestyle. The children were unable to connect with who they were at their core, and that was devastating. The impact of the residential school system on Canada’s Indigenous community has lasted well into the 21st century.
Truth and Reconciliation
The Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement was enacted on September 19, 2007. The agreement included five parts: Common Experience Payment, Independent Assessment Process, Commemoration Fund, Health and Healing Services and Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
Former students could apply for the Common Experience Payment and the Independent Assessment Process. The former provided financial compensation and the latter allowed students to pursue action for the sexual and/or serious physical abuse endured while at the residential schools.
The Commemoration Fund honored former students, their families and their communities through education, remembrance and tributes. The Resolution Health Support Program offered emotional and cultural support, professional counseling and transportation.
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada was established on June 1, 2008. The purpose of the committee was to record the history and impact of the residential school system. The committee provided Indigenous people with the opportunity to share their experiences. In June of 2015, the commission summarized its findings and produced nearly 100 calls to action in order to facilitate reconciliation. The commission was dissolved on December 18, 2015.
Resources for Further Education
A short list of articles, reports, fact sheets and websites that cover major issues, reconciliation efforts and general information with regard to indigenous communities.
